What constitutes firsthand information in law enforcement?

Firsthand information in law enforcement refers specifically to reported observations made directly by the officer themselves. This type of information is critical because it is based on the officer's own perceptions and experiences, ensuring the reliability and authenticity of the data collected. Firsthand observations often carry more weight in investigations and court proceedings as they are original accounts of events, actions, or behaviors the officer has personally witnessed.

The other options characterize information that relies on interpretations or reports from secondary sources. Information passed between officers may lack the direct observation essential for firsthand evidence, details from a confidential informant can be valuable but are considered secondhand unless verified, and opinions formed from news reports are subjective and not based on direct personal knowledge.