What type of violations do city and municipal courts typically hear?

City and municipal courts generally focus on hearing cases related to city ordinances, which are local laws enacted by municipal authorities. These courts are designed to handle matters that directly pertain to the governance of the municipality, such as zoning laws, noise regulations, and local business licenses. The jurisdiction of city and municipal courts is limited to these local regulations, making them crucial in maintaining order and compliance within the community.

While traffic violations may also be adjudicated in some city and municipal courts, they typically fall under the broader category of local law enforcement rather than being defined strictly as city ordinances. Therefore, option C correctly identifies the primary focus of city and municipal courts.